1. Zane
-Ma'ana: Zane kalma ce ta gabaɗaya ga ayyukan da ake yi don ƙirƙirar fim ɗin rufi ta amfani da fenti don manufar rufe saman abu don kariya da kyau, da sauransu.
-Manufa: Manufar fenti ba wai kawai don kyawun gani ba ne, har ma don kariya, sakamakon haka, inganta ingancin samfur.
1) Kariya: Yawancin manyan kayan da suka ƙunshi motoci faranti ne na ƙarfe, kuma idan aka yi abin hawa da farantin ƙarfe a matsayin abin rufewa, yana amsawa da danshi ko iskar oxygen a cikin iska don samar da tsatsa. Babban manufar fenti shine don kare abin ta hanyar hana irin wannan tsatsa (tsatsa).
2) Kyawawan Zane: Siffar mota tana da nau'ikan saman da layuka da dama kamar saman mai girma uku, saman lebur, saman lanƙwasa, layuka madaidaiciya, da lanƙwasa. Ta hanyar zana irin wannan siffa mai rikitarwa, yana nuna yanayin launi wanda ya dace da siffar motar kuma yana inganta kyawun motar a lokaci guda.
3) Inganta yanayin kasuwa: A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan motoci daban-daban a kasuwa, amma daga cikinsu, idan aka kwatanta motoci masu siffa iri ɗaya da aiki iri ɗaya, misali, wanda ke da fenti mai launuka biyu yana da kyau. ƙima yana ƙaruwa kamar yadda Ta wannan hanyar, yana ɗaya daga cikin manufofin ƙoƙarin inganta ƙimar samfurin ta hanyar fenti. Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar dorewar waje na motoci saboda sauye-sauyen muhalli na baya-bayan nan. Misali, buƙatar fenti mai aiki wanda ke hana lalacewar fim ɗin rufi da ruwan sama mai acid ke haifarwa da lalacewar sheƙi na farko da goga na wanke mota ta atomatik ke haifarwa yana ƙaruwa, don haka yana inganta kasuwa.Ana amfani da fenti ta atomatik da fenti da hannu duka dangane da buƙatun ingancin shafi.
2. Haɗaɗɗen fenti: Halayen fenti. Fentin ruwa ne mai ƙauri wanda aka haɗa sassa uku na fenti, resin, da kuma sinadarin narkewa a cikinsa (wanda aka watsar).
- Pigment: Foda mai launi wanda baya narkewa a cikin sinadarai masu narkewa ko ruwa. Bambancin da ke tsakanin rini shine cewa ana rarraba su azaman barbashi ba tare da narkewa a cikin ruwa ko abubuwan narkewa ba. Girman barbashi ya kama daga micrometers da yawa zuwa goma na micrometers. Bugu da ƙari, akwai siffofi daban-daban, kamar siffar zagaye, siffar sanda, siffar allura, da siffar mai lanƙwasa. Foda ce (foda) wacce ke ba da launi (ƙarfin launi) da ƙarfin ɓoyewa (ikon rufewa da ɓoye saman abu ta hanyar rashin haske) zuwa fim ɗin rufewa, kuma akwai nau'i biyu: inorganic da organic. Pigment), gogewa, da launuka masu faɗaɗawa ana amfani da su don inganta jin ƙasa. Ana amfani da fenti marasa launi da haske waɗanda ake kira bayyananne tsakanin fenti, lokacin da aka cire pigments daga abubuwan da suka ƙunshi fenti,
Ana amfani da shi don ƙara haske ga fim ɗin da ke rufewa.
1) Aikin launi
* Alamun launi: bayar da launi, ikon ɓoyewa
Go. Alamun da ba su da sinadarai: Waɗannan galibi launuka ne na halitta kamar fari, rawaya, da launin ruwan kasa ja. Su mahaɗan ƙarfe ne kamar zinc, titanium, baƙin ƙarfe mai gubar, jan ƙarfe, da sauransu. Gabaɗaya, suna da kyawawan halaye na juriya ga yanayi da kuma ɓoye halayen kariya daga zafi, amma dangane da haske na launi, ba su da kyau kamar launukan halitta. A matsayin fenti ga motoci, ba a amfani da launin da ba shi da sinadarai kawai. Bugu da ƙari, daga mahangar hana gurɓatar muhalli, ba a amfani da launuka masu ɗauke da ƙarfe masu haɗari kamar cadmium da chromium a halin yanzu.
kai. Launi na halitta: Ana ƙera shi ta hanyar haɗakar sinadarai ta hanyar amsawar sinadarai na lokaci-lokaci, kuma abu ne da aka yi da wani abu na ƙarfe ko kuma kamar yadda yake a yanayi. Gabaɗaya, abin ɓoyewa ba shi da kyau sosai, amma tunda an sami launi mai haske, ana amfani da shi sosai don fenti mai haske na launi mai ƙarfi, launin ƙarfe, da launin mica a matsayin fenti ga waje na motoci.
* Launi mai hana tsatsa: hana tsatsa
* Faifan Faifan Mai Tsawaitawa: Ana iya samun fim mai tauri, wanda ke hana ruɓewar fim ɗin da ke rufewa da kuma inganta juriya.
- Resin: Ruwa ne mai haske wanda ke haɗa launin da launin kuma yana ba da sheƙi, tauri, da mannewa ga fim ɗin rufewa. Wani suna kuma ana kiransa da mannewa. Halayen busarwa da dorewar fim ɗin rufewa sun dogara sosai akan halayen resin.
1) Resin na halitta: Ana cire shi ko kuma a fitar da shi daga tsirrai kuma ana amfani da shi don fenti kamar fenti mai, varnish, da lacquer.
2) Resin roba: Kalma ce ta gama gari ga waɗanda aka haɗa ta hanyar halayen sinadarai daga kayan sinadarai daban-daban. Yana da wani sinadari na halitta wanda ke da babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta idan aka kwatanta da resin halitta. Bugu da ƙari, resin roba an raba su zuwa resin thermoplastic (yana laushi da narkewa lokacin da aka dumama) da resin thermosetting (yana taurare ta hanyar halayen sinadarai ta hanyar amfani da zafi, kuma baya laushi ko da lokacin da aka sake dumama shi bayan sanyaya).
- Maganin narkewa: Ruwa ne mai haske wanda ke narkar da resin ta yadda launin da resin za su iya haɗuwa cikin sauƙi. Bayan an yi fenti, yana ƙafewa kamar siriri kuma baya kasancewa a kan fim ɗin rufewa.
Czanen ar
1. Bayani da Ma'anar Fentin: Daga mahangar samar da 'hana tsatsa (hana tsatsa)' da 'halayen kyau', fenti na mota ya taka rawa wajen inganta kasuwar motoci ta hanyar amfani da sabbin fasahohin zamani. A cikin waɗannan kayayyaki masu inganci, an tsara fenti da tsarin shafa don cimma waɗannan halaye na shafa mafi arha.
Fentin gabaɗaya yana da sauƙin shawagi kuma yana da ikon shafa shi a saman abin da za a shafa shi da kuma samar da fim mai ci gaba (fim ɗin shafa) ta hanyar busarwa da kuma tsaftace shi. Dangane da halayen zahiri da sinadarai na fim ɗin shafa da aka yi ta wannan hanyar, ana ba wa abin da za a shafa 'hana tsatsa' da 'roba'.
2. Tsarin zanen mota: Domin samun ingancin murfin motar da aka nufa ta hanya mafi araha, an saita tsarin rufewa da ƙayyadaddun bayanin rufewa, kuma kowane muhimmin inganci ana sanya shi ga fim ɗin rufewa da aka samu a kowane tsari. Bugu da ƙari, tunda halayen fim ɗin rufewa sun dogara ne akan iya aiki mai kyau da mara kyau na aiki, an tsara fenti da aka yi amfani da shi a kowane tsari ta yadda za a iya ƙara girman babban aikin da aka sanya dangane da yanayin aikin.Ana sarrafa aikace-aikacen sosai a shagon fenti.
Tsarin da ke sama shine tsarin shafa fenti mai rufi uku ko hudu wanda aka fi amfani da shi don shafa fenti a jikin bangon mota, kuma fim ɗin shafa fenti da aka samar a kowane tsari yana nuna ayyukan da za a bayyana daga baya kuma yana tabbatar da ingancin shafa fenti na motoci a matsayin cikakken tsarin shafa fenti. A cikin manyan motoci da ƙananan motoci, akwai lokuta inda tsarin shafa fenti mai rufi biyu wanda aka cire matakin matsakaici daga matakin shafa fenti. Hakanan, a cikin manyan motoci, yana yiwuwa a sami ingantaccen inganci ta hanyar shafa fenti mai rufi biyu ko sama.
Haka kuma, kwanan nan, an yi nazari da kuma amfani da wani tsari na rage farashin rufewa ta hanyar haɗa hanyoyin rufewa na tsakiya da na sama.
- Tsarin gyaran saman: Yana inganta rigakafin tsatsa ta hanyar danne tasirin tsatsa na ƙarfe da kuma ƙarfafa mannewa tsakanin ƙarƙashin murfin (fim ɗin electrodeposition) da kayan (substrate). A halin yanzu, zinc phosphate shine babban ɓangaren fim ɗin, kuma hanyar maganin nutsewa tana da amfani sosai don ta iya magance sassan da ke da tsari mai rikitarwa. Musamman ma, don tasirin electrodeposition na cationic, ana haɗa ƙarfe kamar Fe, Ni, da Mn banda Zn a cikin murfin don ƙara inganta juriyar tsatsa.
- Rufin wutar lantarki (Premier na electrodeposition na nau'in Cathion): Rufin karkashin kasa galibi yana da aikin hana tsatsa. Baya ga kyawawan kaddarorin hana tsatsa, fenti na cationic electrodeposition bisa ga epoxy resin yana da fa'idodi masu zuwa a cikin rufin mota. ① Babu fitar da fim ɗin da aka yi wa zinc phosphate yayin rufewa na electrodeposition. ② Tasirin hana tsatsa saboda asali a cikin tsarin resin ③ Kyakkyawan kayan hana tsatsa saboda tasirin kiyaye mannewa saboda yawan juriyar alkali na resin epoxy.
1) Fa'idodin matsayi na cationic electrode
* Ko da siffofi masu rikitarwa za a iya shafa su da kauri iri ɗaya na fim
* Kyakkyawan shigar ciki cikin sassa da gidajen haɗin gwiwa masu rikitarwa.
* Zane ta atomatik
* Sauƙin kulawa da kula da layin.
* Kyakkyawan iya aiki da fenti.
* Ana iya amfani da tsarin wanke ruwa na UF mai rufewa (ƙarancin asarar fenti da ƙarancin gurɓatar ruwan shara)
* Ƙarancin sinadarin narkewa da kuma ƙarancin gurɓataccen iska.
* Fenti ne da aka yi da ruwa, kuma akwai ƙarancin haɗarin gobara.
2) Fentin cationic electrodeposition: Gabaɗaya, resin polyamino ne da aka samu ta hanyar ƙara primary zuwa quaternary amines zuwa epoxy resin. Ana haɗa shi da acid (acetic acid) don ya narke da ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, hanyar warkarwa ta fim ɗin rufewa nau'in amsawar urethane ne ta amfani da Blocked Isocyanate a matsayin maganin warkarwa.
3) Inganta aikin fenti mai sanya wutar lantarki: Ana yaɗa shi a duk faɗin duniya a matsayin abin rufe fuska na mota, amma bincike da ci gaba suna ci gaba da inganta ba kawai ingancin hana lalata na dukkan motar ba, har ma da ingancin fenti.
* Aikin rigakafin tsatsa/Layer mai kariya
tafi. Cikakken shafi, juriyar shigar azzakari cikin gidajen abinci, juriyar guntu
kai. Tsarin takardar ƙarfe mai hana tsatsa (mannewa mai jure ruwa, juriya ga juyawa)
yi. Ƙarfafawa mai ƙarancin zafin jiki (Ingantaccen juriya ga tsatsa na sassan da aka haɗa da roba, da sauransu)
* Aikin kwalliya/kayan ado
Kayayyakin shafa na ƙaiƙayin farantin ƙarfe (yana taimakawa wajen inganta santsi da sheƙi, da sauransu)
ku. Juriyar launin rawaya (hana launin rawaya na farin saman gashi)
- Madarar tsaka-tsaki: Madarar tsaka-tsaki tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka aikin hana tsatsa na madarar ƙasa (electrodeposition) da kuma aikin shafa madarar saman, kuma tana da aikin inganta ingancin fenti na tsarin fenti gaba ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin shafa madarar tsaka-tsaki yana ba da gudummawa wajen rage lahani na madarar ƙasa domin yana rufe lahani na madarar ƙasa (ƙarce-ƙarce, manne ƙura, da sauransu) zuwa wani mataki a cikin ainihin layin fenti.
Fentin tsaka-tsaki wani nau'in fenti ne wanda ke amfani da resin polyester mara mai a matsayin resin na asali kuma yana warkar da shi ta hanyar shigar da resin melamine da urethane (Bl) kwanan nan. Kwanan nan, domin inganta juriya ga guntuwar guntu, wani lokacin ana shafa firikwensin guntu da danshi a tsakiyar aikin kafin a fara aiki.
1) Dorewa na matsakaicin gashi
* Juriyar ruwa: ƙarancin shan ruwa kuma yana hana faruwar ƙuraje
* Juriyar Tsatsa: Yana shan ƙarfin tasirin idan aka jefa dutse kuma yana rage lalacewar fim ɗin rufewa wanda ke haifar da sauti kuma yana danne faruwar tsatsa ta ƙura.
* Juriyar Yanayi: Rage lalacewa sakamakon hasken UV, kuma yana hana barewar saman saman da ke fitowa daga waje.
2) Aikin shafa fenti na matsakaici
* Kayayyakin rufin ƙasa: Yana ba da gudummawa ga sassauta waje da aka gama ta hanyar rufe ƙaiƙayin saman murfin matsayi na lantarki
* Juriyar sinadaran: Ta hanyar rage kumburi da narkewar sinadarin da ke cikin fatar da ke saman fatar, ana samun ingancin bayyanar da ke da bambanci sosai.
* Daidaita launi: Tsawon gashin yana da launin toka, amma kwanan nan ana iya shafa fenti mai ƙarancin ɓoyewa ta hanyar yin masa fenti (mai rufe launi).
3) Fenti mai matsakaicin tsayi
* Ingancin da ake buƙata don matsakaicin gashi: juriya ga guntu, yanayin ɓoyayyen tushe, mannewa ga fim ɗin sanya wutar lantarki, santsi, babu asarar haske, mannewa ga saman gashi, juriya ga lalacewa ta haske
- Topcoat: Babban aikin topcoat shine samar da kayan kwalliya da kuma karewa da kuma kula da shi. Akwai kayayyaki masu inganci kamar launi, santsi a saman, sheƙi, da ingancin hoto (ikon haskaka hoton wani abu a cikin fim ɗin rufewa). Bugu da ƙari, ikon karewa da kuma kula da kyawun irin waɗannan motoci na dogon lokaci yana da mahimmanci ga saman coat.
- Topcoat: Babban aikin topcoat shine samar da kayan kwalliya da kuma karewa da kuma kula da shi. Akwai kayayyaki masu inganci kamar launi, santsi a saman, sheƙi, da ingancin hoto (ikon haskaka hoton wani abu a cikin fim ɗin rufewa). Bugu da ƙari, ikon karewa da kuma kula da kyawun irin waɗannan motoci na dogon lokaci yana da mahimmanci ga saman coat.
1) Launin saman fenti: An rarraba launuka bisa ga tushen launin da aka shafa wa fenti, kuma galibi ana raba shi zuwa launin mica, launin ƙarfe da launin tauri ya danganta da ko ana amfani da launukan flake kamar flakes na foda na aluminum.
* Ingancin kamanni: santsi, sheƙi, haske, jin ƙasa
* Dorewa: kula da sheki da kariya, canjin launi, shuɗewa
* Mannewa: Mannewa mai laushi, mannewa mai sau biyu, mannewa mai matsakaici
* Juriyar sinadaran
* Juriyar Sinadarai
* Ingancin aiki: juriya ga wanke mota, juriya ga ruwan sama na acid, juriya ga guntu
2) Fenti mai kyau ga muhalli
* Babban Tauri: Wannan fenti ne mai ƙarfi wanda ke amsawa ga ƙa'idodin VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds), kuma nau'insa ne wanda ke rage adadin sinadarin sinadarai da ake amfani da shi. Ana siffanta shi da kyakkyawan jin ƙasa da amfani da resin mai ƙarancin nauyi.
* Nau'in Bome na Ruwa (fenti mai tushen ruwa): Wannan fenti ne wanda ke rage yawan sinadarin sinadarai da ake amfani da shi kuma yana amfani da ruwa (ruwa mai tsabta) a matsayin siraran fenti. A matsayin siffa, ana buƙatar wurin dumama ruwa (IR_Preheat) wanda zai iya ƙafe ruwa a cikin aikin fenti, don haka ana buƙatar gyaran wurin, kuma mai feshi yana buƙatar hanyar lantarki don fenti mai tushen ruwa.
3) Fentin aiki
* CCS (Tsarin Haɗin Haɗin Kai Mai Tsari, nau'in fenti mai haɗa haɗin kai): Wani nau'in urethane ne (isocyanate) ko silane resin wanda a ciki ake maye gurbin wani ɓangare na resin melamine, wanda ke fuskantar ruwan sama mai yawa a cikin tsarin resin acrylic/melamine, kuma ana inganta juriyar acid da juriyar karce.
* NCS (Sabon Tsarin Haɗawa, Sabon Fenti Nau'in Haɗawa): Fenti mara melamine da aka yi ta hanyar shafawar acid-epoxy akan resin acrylic. Yana da kyakkyawan juriyar acid, juriyar karce, da juriyar tabo.
- Ingantaccen aikin fenti na saman: Domin a sami ingantaccen sake fasalin fenti na saman da aka nufa, yana da mahimmanci a sami ingantaccen aiki na fenti (atomization, streamability, pinhole, santsi, da sauransu). Don wannan, yana da mahimmanci a daidaita yanayin danko a cikin tsarin samar da fina-finai da yawa daga fenti zuwa yin burodi da tauri. Yanayin yanayin fenti kamar zafin jiki, danshi, da saurin iska na rumfar fenti suma muhimman abubuwa ne.
1) Danko na resin: nauyin kwayoyin halitta, daidaito (sigar narkewa: ƙimar SP)
2) Launi: shan mai, yawan launin (PWC), girman barbashi da aka watsa
3) Ƙarin abubuwa: wakili mai laushi, mai daidaita ma'auni, mai cire ruwa, mai hana rabuwar launi, da sauransu.
4) Saurin warkarwa: tattarawar ƙungiyoyi masu aiki a cikin resin tushe, amsawar wakilin haɗin gwiwa
Bugu da ƙari, kauri na fim ɗin rufewa yana da tasiri sosai kan kamannin saman murfin. Kwanan nan, wani abu mai kama da microgel yana ba da damar cimma daidaiton kwarara da daidaita yanayin, kuma an inganta kamannin da aka gama ta hanyar rufe fim mai kauri.
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- Juriyar yanayin rufin saman: Duk da cewa motoci suna fuskantar yanayi daban-daban, rufin saman yana karɓar aikin haske, ruwa, iskar oxygen, zafi, da sauransu. Sakamakon haka, akwai wasu abubuwa marasa kyau da ke lalata kyawun.
1) Abubuwan da ke faruwa a gani
* Lalacewar sheƙi: Santsi na saman fim ɗin rufewa ya lalace, kuma hasken da ke fitowa daga saman yana ƙaruwa. Haɗaɗɗen resin yana da mahimmanci, amma akwai kuma tasirin launin.
* Canza launi: Launi na farko na fenti yana canzawa dangane da tsufan fenti ko resin a cikin fim ɗin fenti. Don aikace-aikacen mota, ya kamata a zaɓi launin da ya fi jure yanayi.
2) abubuwan da suka faru na injiniya
* Fashewa: Fashewa tana faruwa a saman fim ɗin rufewa ko kuma dukkan fim ɗin rufewa saboda canje-canje a cikin halayen zahiri na fim ɗin rufewa saboda photooxidation ko hydrolysis (rage tsayi, mannewa, da sauransu) da damuwa ta ciki. Musamman ma, yana faruwa ne a cikin fim ɗin rufewa mai tsabta na ƙarfe, kuma baya ga daidaita halayen zahiri na fim ɗin rufewa na abun da ke cikin resin acrylic da daidaita halayen zahiri na fim ɗin rufewa, amfani da mai sha ultraviolet da maganin hana tsufa yana da tasiri.
* Barewa: Fim ɗin rufewa yana cire wani ɓangare saboda raguwar mannewar fim ɗin rufewa ko raguwar halayen rheological, da kuma tasirin ƙarfin waje kamar fesawa ko girgiza duwatsu.
3) abin da ke faruwa a sinadarai
* Gurɓatar tabo: Idan toka, gawarwakin kwari, ko ruwan sama mai guba ya manne a saman fim ɗin da aka shafa, ɓangaren zai yi tabo ya koma tabo. Ya zama dole a shafa fenti da resin mai jure karce, mai jure alkali. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa ake shafa fenti mai tsabta a kan launin ƙarfe shine don kare foda na aluminum.
- Kalubalen da ke gaban mota: Kyawawan halaye da ƙira suna ƙara zama mahimmanci wajen inganta halayen kasuwanci na motoci. Yayin da ake mayar da martani ga bambancin buƙatu da canje-canje a kayan aiki kamar robobi, ya zama dole a mayar da martani ga buƙatun zamantakewa kamar lalacewar yanayin fallasa motoci da rage gurɓataccen iska. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi, ana la'akari da nau'ikan rigunan kariya na mota na gaba.
Bari mu yi nazari sosai kan tsarin fenti na mota na yau da kullun mu ga inda ake amfani da zafi da canja wurin taro. Tsarin fenti na gaba ɗaya ga motoci kamar haka.
① Kafin a fara magani
② Lalacewar wutar lantarki (ƙasa da ƙasa)
③ Zane mai rufewa
④ Ƙarƙashin Rufi
⑤ zanen kakin zuma
⑥ Mai hana guntu
⑦ Firam
⑧ Babban gashi
⑨ Cire lahani da gogewa
Tsarin kera motoci yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 20, wanda daga ciki awanni 10, wanda rabi ne, tsarin da aka lissafa a sama yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 10. Daga cikinsu, mafi mahimmanci da mahimman hanyoyin sune kafin a fara aiki, murfin lantarki (rufin ƙasa), murfin farar fata, da kuma rufin sama. Bari mu mai da hankali kan waɗannan hanyoyin.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-08-2022
