1. Zane
-Ma'anar: Zane shine kalma na gaba ɗaya na ayyukan da aka yi don samar da fim ɗin shafa ta amfani da fenti don manufar rufe saman abu don kariya da kayan ado, da dai sauransu.
-Manufa: Manufar zanen ba kawai don kayan ado ba ne, amma har ma don kariya kuma, saboda haka, inganta ingancin samfurin.
1) Kariya: Mafi yawan manyan abubuwan da ke samar da motoci faranti ne na karfe, kuma idan aka yi abin hawa da farantin karfe a matsayin abin rufewa, ta kan mayar da martani da danshi ko iskar oxygen a cikin iska don haifar da tsatsa. Babbar manufar zanen ita ce kare abu ta hanyar hana irin wannan tsatsa (tsatsa).
2) Aesthetical: Siffar mota tana da nau'ikan sama da yawa da layuka irin su filaye masu girma uku, filaye masu lanƙwasa, filaye masu lanƙwasa, madaidaiciyar layi, da lanƙwasa. Ta hanyar zana irin wannan abu mai rikitarwa, yana nuna ma'anar launi wanda ya dace da siffar motar kuma yana inganta kayan ado na mota a lokaci guda.
3) Inganta kasuwa: A halin yanzu, akwai motoci iri-iri a kasuwa, amma a cikin su, idan aka kwatanta motocin da suke da siffa guda ɗaya kuma aiki iri ɗaya, misali mai launi mai launi biyu ya fi kyau. ƙimar yana ƙaruwa kamar yadda Ta wannan hanyar, yana kuma ɗaya daga cikin makasudin ƙoƙarin inganta ƙimar samfurin ta hanyar zanen. Bugu da kari, ana buƙatar dorewa na waje na motoci saboda saurin canje-canjen muhalli na kwanan nan. Misali, buƙatun fenti na aiki waɗanda ke hana lalata fim ɗin rufin da ruwan sama na acid ya haifar da tabarbarewar kyalli na farko da ke haifar da gogewar wanke mota ta atomatik yana ƙaruwa, don haka haɓaka kasuwa.Zane ta atomatik da zanen hannu ana amfani da su duka dangane da buƙatun ingancin sutura.
2. Haɗin fenti: Haɗin fenti Fenti wani ruwa ne mai ɗanɗano wanda aka haɗa abubuwa uku na pigment, resin, da sauran ƙarfi iri ɗaya (watse).
- Pigment: Foda mai launi wanda baya narkewa a cikin kaushi ko ruwa. Bambance-bambancen rini shine cewa an tarwatsa su azaman barbashi ba tare da narkewa a cikin ruwa ko sauran abubuwan narkewa ba. Girman barbashi ya bambanta daga micrometers da yawa zuwa dubun micrometers da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai nau'i daban-daban, kamar siffar madauwari, siffar sanda, siffar allura, da siffa mai laushi. Foda ne (foda) wanda ke ba da launi (ikon canza launin) da ikon ɓoyewa (ikon rufewa da ɓoye saman abu ta hanyar zama mara kyau) ga fim ɗin shafa, kuma akwai nau'i biyu: inorganic da Organic. Ana amfani da pigment, gogewa, da ƙwanƙwasa mai tsayi don inganta jin ƙasa. Paints marasa launi da bayyane da ake kira bayyananne a tsakanin fenti, lokacin da aka cire pigments daga abubuwan da ke tattare da fenti.
An yi amfani da shi don ba da fim ɗin mai rufi fiye da haske.
1) Aikin pigment
* Launuka masu launi: ba da launi, ikon ɓoyewa
tafi. Inorganic pigments: Waɗannan su ne galibi na halitta pigments kamar fari, rawaya, da launin ruwan kasa ja. Su sinadarai ne na karfe irin su zinc, titanium, iron gubar, jan karfe, da dai sauransu. Gaba daya, suna da kyakkyawan juriya na yanayi da yanayin juriya na boyewa, amma dangane da ingancin launi, ba su da kyau kamar abubuwan da suka dace. A matsayin fenti don motoci, ba a yi amfani da launin inorganic kawai ba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ta fuskar hana gurɓacewar muhalli, a halin yanzu ba a amfani da pigments ɗin da ke ɗauke da ƙananan ƙarfe masu cutarwa kamar cadmium da chromium.
ka. Organic pigment: Ana kera shi ne ta hanyar haɗaɗɗun kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar halayen sinadarai na lokaci-lokaci, kuma wani abu ne da aka yi da ƙarfen ƙarfe ko kuma yadda yake a yanayi. Gabaɗaya, kayan ɓoye ba su da kyau sosai, amma tunda an sami launi mai haske, ana amfani da shi sosai don zayyana tsayayyen launi, launin ƙarfe, da launin mica a matsayin fenti na waje na motoci.
* Anti-tsatsa pigment: rigakafin tsatsa
* Extender Pigment: Za a iya samun fim mai laushi mai wuyar gaske, yana hana lalatawar fim ɗin shafa da inganta karko.
- Resin: Ruwa mai haske wanda ke haɗa pigment da pigment kuma yana ba da sheki, taurin, da mannewa ga fim ɗin mai rufi. Wani suna kuma ana kiransa ɗaure. Abubuwan bushewa da karko na fim ɗin shafa sun dogara sosai akan kaddarorin resin.
1) Resin dabi'a: Ana fitar da shi ne ko kuma ɓoye shi daga tsire-tsire kuma ana amfani da shi don fenti irin su varnish na tushen mai, varnish, da lacquer.
2) Roba resin: Yana da jimla ce ga waɗanda aka haɗa ta hanyar halayen sinadarai daga albarkatun albarkatun sinadarai daban-daban. Yana da kwayoyin halitta tare da babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta idan aka kwatanta da resins na halitta. Bugu da kari, roba resins sun kasu kashi thermoplastic resins (laushi da narkewa a lokacin da zafi) da thermosetting resins (taurare da sinadaran dauki ta amfani da zafi, kuma ba ya yin laushi da narkewa ko da a sake mai tsanani bayan sanyaya).
- Solvent: Shi ne ruwa mai haske wanda ke narkar da resin ta yadda za a gauraya pigment da resin cikin sauki. Bayan zanen, yana ƙafe kamar mai bakin ciki kuma baya kasancewa a kan fim ɗin shafa.
Car zanen
1. Bayani da Ma'anar Fenti: Ta fuskar samar da 'kariyar tsatsa (anti-tsatsa)' da 'kyakkyawan kaddarorin', fentin motoci sun taka rawa wajen inganta kasuwancin motoci ta hanyar amfani da sabbin fasahohin zamani. A cikin waɗannan ingantattun abubuwa masu zuwa, fenti da tsarin sutura an tsara su don cimma waɗannan halayen sutura mafi yawan tattalin arziki.
Paints gabaɗaya suna gudana kuma suna da dukiyar da aka rufe a saman abin da za a shafa da kuma samar da fim mai ci gaba (fim ɗin mai rufi) ta hanyar bushewa da hanyoyin warkewa. Dangane da kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai na fim ɗin da aka kafa ta wannan hanyar, ana ba da rigakafin tsatsa da 'plasty' ga abin da za a shafa.
2. Tsarin zanen mota: Don samun ingancin murfin motar da aka yi niyya a cikin mafi yawan tattalin arziki, an saita tsarin sutura da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kuma an sanya kowane muhimmin mahimmanci ga fim ɗin da aka samu a kowane tsari. Bugu da ƙari, tun da halaye na fim ɗin shafa suna dogara ne akan aikin aiki mai kyau da mara kyau, fenti da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kowane tsari an tsara shi don a iya ƙaddamar da babban aikin da aka ba da shi bisa la'akari da yanayin tsari.Ana sarrafa aikace-aikacen sosai a cikin shagon fenti.
Tsarin da ke sama shine tsarin suturar gashi 3 ko 4-coat wanda aka fi amfani da shi don suturar bangarori na waje na mota, kuma fim ɗin da aka kafa a kowane tsari yana nuna ayyukan da za a bayyana daga baya kuma ya tabbatar da ingancin suturar motoci a matsayin cikakke. tsarin sutura. A cikin manyan motoci da motoci masu haske, akwai lokuta inda tsarin suturar gashi biyu wanda aka tsallake matakin tsaka-tsaki daga matakin shafa. Har ila yau, a cikin manyan motoci masu tsayi, yana yiwuwa a cimma mafi kyawun inganci ta hanyar yin amfani da tsaka-tsaki ko babban gashi sau biyu.
Har ila yau, kwanan nan, an yi nazari da kuma amfani da wani tsari don rage farashin sutura ta hanyar haɗawa da tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki da kuma mafi girma.
- Tsarin jiyya na saman: Yana inganta rigakafin tsatsa ta hanyar hana lalata halayen ƙarfe da ƙarfafa mannewa tsakanin undercoat (fim ɗin lantarki) da kayan (substrate). A halin yanzu, zinc phosphate shine babban abin da ke cikin fim ɗin, kuma hanyar tsomawa shine na yau da kullun ta yadda zai iya wadatar da sassa masu sarƙaƙƙiya. Musamman, don cationic electrodeposition, karafa irin su Fe, Ni, da Mn ban da Zn suna haɗuwa a cikin sutura don ƙara haɓaka juriya na lalata.
- Electrodeposition shafi (Cathion irin electrodeposition primer): Undercoating yafi hannun jari da tsatsa rigakafin aikin. Baya ga kyawawan kaddarorin anti-tsatsa, fenti na cationic electrodeposition dangane da guduro epoxy yana da fa'idodi masu zuwa a cikin suturar mota. ① Babu elution na zinc phosphate bi da fim a lokacin da electrodeposition shafi. ② Inhibitory sakamako na lalata halayen saboda asali a cikin tsarin guduro ③ Kyakkyawan kayan anti-tsatsa saboda tasirin ci gaba da mannewa saboda babban juriya na alkali na guduro epoxy.
1) Amfanin cationic electrodeposition
* Ko da hadaddun siffofi ana iya shafa su da kaurin fim iri ɗaya
* Kyakkyawan shigar ciki cikin hadaddun sassa da haɗin gwiwa.
* Zane ta atomatik
* Mai sauƙin kulawa da sarrafa layin.
* Kyakkyawan aikin zanen.
* Za a iya amfani da tsarin wanke ruwa na rufaffiyar UF (ƙasa asarar fenti da ƙarancin gurɓataccen ruwan sha)
* Ƙananan abun ciki mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin gurɓataccen iska.
* Fenti ne na ruwa, kuma babu ƙarancin wuta.
2) Cationic electrodeposition fenti: Gaba ɗaya, shi ne polyamino guduro samu ta ƙara firamare zuwa quaternary amines zuwa wani epoxy guduro. An cire shi da acid (acetic acid) don sanya shi ruwa mai narkewa. Bugu da ƙari, hanyar warkewa na fim ɗin shafa shine nau'in amsawar urethane crosslinking ta amfani da Kashe Isocyanate azaman wakili na warkewa.
3) Inganta aikin fenti na electrodeposition: Ana bazuwa ko'ina cikin duniya a matsayin rigar mota, amma bincike da haɓakawa suna ci gaba da inganta ba kawai ingancin lalatawar gabaɗayan mota ba har ma da ingancin plastering.
* Aikin rigakafin tsatsa/ Layer kariya
tafi. cikakken shafi dukiya, shigar juriya na gidajen abinci, juriya chipping
ka. Anti-tsatsa karfe iyawar takardar (ruwa mai jure ruwa, juriya juriya)
yi. Ƙarƙashin zafin jiki (Ingantaccen juriya na tsatsa na sassan da aka haɗe da roba, da sauransu)
* Aikin kwaskwarima/ kayan ado
tafi. Abubuwan da aka shafa na ƙarancin farantin karfe (yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka santsi da sheki, da sauransu)
ka. Juriyar launin rawaya (hana launin rawaya na farin saman topcoat)
- Matsakaicin gashi: Matsakaicin sutura yana taka rawa mai ma'ana don haɓaka aikin rigakafin tsatsa na undercoat (electrodeposition) da aikin plastering na saman gashi, kuma yana da aikin haɓaka ingancin fenti na duk tsarin zanen. Bugu da ƙari, tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin yana taimakawa wajen rage lahani na sutura saboda yana rufe lahani da ba za a iya kauce masa ba na suturar sutura (scratches, adhesion ƙura, da dai sauransu) zuwa wani matsayi a cikin ainihin layin zane.
Matsakaicin fenti wani nau'i ne wanda ke amfani da resin polyester maras mai a matsayin guduro na asali kuma yana warkar da shi ta hanyar gabatar da resin melamine da urethane kwanan nan (Bl). Kwanan nan, don inganta juriyar guntuwa, wani lokacin ana lulluɓe shuɗin shuɗi tare da rigar a cikin tsaka-tsaki kafin aiwatarwa.
1) Dorewa na tsaka-tsakin gashi
* Juriya na ruwa: ƙarancin sha kuma yana hana faruwar blisters
* Juriya na Chipping: Yana shayar da tasirin tasirin lokacin da aka jefa dutse kuma yana rage lalacewar fim ɗin da ke haifar da sauti kuma yana hana abin da ya faru na scab lalata.
* Juriya na yanayi: ƙarancin lalacewa saboda haskoki UV, kuma yana hana bawon babban gashi a waje.
2) Aikin plastering na tsaka-tsakin gashi
* Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙwara
* Juriya mai narkewa: Ta hanyar murƙushe kumburi da narkar da suturar tsaka-tsaki dangane da sauran kaushi na saman gashin, ana samun ingancin kamanni mai girma.
* Daidaita launi: Gashi na tsakiya yawanci launin toka ne, amma kwanan nan yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da babban gashin gashi tare da ƙananan abubuwan ɓoyewa ta hanyar canza launi (launi).
3) Fentin tsaka-tsaki
* Ingancin da ake buƙata don suturar tsaka-tsaki: juriya na chipping, kayan ɓoye tushe, mannewa zuwa fim ɗin electrodeposition, santsi, babu hasarar haske, mannewa zuwa saman gashi, juriya na lalacewar haske.
- Topcoat: Babban aikin topcoat shine samar da kayan kwalliya da kariya da kiyaye shi. Akwai abubuwa masu inganci kamar launi, santsin ƙasa, kyalli, da ingancin hoto (ikon haskaka hoton abu a fili a cikin fim ɗin shafa). Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar ikon karewa da kula da kyawawan kayan irin waɗannan motoci na dogon lokaci don babban gashin gashi.
- Topcoat: Babban aikin topcoat shine samar da kayan kwalliya da kariya da kiyaye shi. Akwai abubuwa masu inganci kamar launi, santsin ƙasa, kyalli, da ingancin hoto (ikon haskaka hoton abu a fili a cikin fim ɗin shafa). Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar ikon karewa da kula da kyawawan kayan irin waɗannan motoci na dogon lokaci don babban gashin gashi.
1) Babban gashi: Ana rarraba launuka bisa ga tushen pigment da aka shafa akan fenti, kuma an raba shi da yawa zuwa launin mica, launi na ƙarfe da launi mai ƙarfi dangane da ko ana amfani da aladun flake kamar flakes na aluminum foda.
* Ingantacciyar bayyanar: santsi, sheki, haske, jin ƙasa
* Dorewa: kiyayewa da kariya mai sheki, canjin launi, faduwa
* Adhesion: Sake mannewa, mannewa sautin 2, mannewa tare da matsakaici
* Juriya mai narkewa
* Juriya na sinadarai
* Ingancin aiki: juriya na wanke mota, juriyar ruwan sama, juriya juriya
2) Fenti mai son muhalli
* High Solid: Wannan fenti ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ke amsa ka'idodin VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds), kuma nau'in ne da ke rage adadin abubuwan da ake amfani da su. Ana siffanta shi da kyakkyawan jin ƙasa da kuma amfani da guduro mai ƙarancin nauyi.
* Nau'in Bome na Ruwa (Fint na tushen ruwa): Wannan fenti ne wanda ke rage adadin sauran abubuwan da ake amfani da su kuma yana amfani da ruwa (ruwan tsafta) a matsayin fenti mai bakin ciki. A matsayin siffa, ana buƙatar wurin da ake yin zafi (IR_Preheat) wanda zai iya ƙafe ruwa a cikin aikin zanen, don haka ana buƙatar gyara kayan aiki, kuma mai fesa yana buƙatar hanyar lantarki don fenti na tushen ruwa.
3) Fenti mai aiki
* CCS (Complex Crosslinking System, hadadden nau'in fenti): Wani nau'in urethane ne (isocyanate) ko resin silane wanda aka maye gurbin wani sashi na resin melamine, wanda ke da rauni ga ruwan acid a cikin tsarin resin acrylic / melamine. , kuma an inganta juriya na acid da juriya.
* NCS (New Crosslinking System, New Crosslinking Nau'in Fenti): Ba-melamine fenti da aka yi ta hanyar maganin acid-epoxy akan resin acrylic. Yana da kyakkyawan juriya na acid, juriya, da juriya.
- Rufi workability na saman gashi: Domin tattalin arziki samu mai kyau reproducibility na manufa saman gashi, mai kyau fenti workability (atomization, flowability, pinhole, santsi, da dai sauransu) yana da muhimmanci. Don wannan, yana da mahimmanci don daidaita halin danko a cikin tsarin samar da fina-finai da yawa daga zanen zuwa gasa da taurin. Yanayin yanayin zanen kamar zafin jiki, zafi, da saurin iska na rumfar zanen suma mahimman abubuwa ne.
1) Danko na guduro: kwayoyin nauyi, karfinsu (solubility siga: SP darajar)
2) Pigment: mai sha, pigment maida hankali (PWC), tarwatsa barbashi size
3) Additives: danko danko, leveling wakili, defoaming wakili, launi rabuwa inhibitor, da dai sauransu.
4) Saurin warkewa: taro na ƙungiyoyi masu aiki a cikin resin tushe, reactivity na wakilin crosslinking
Bugu da ƙari, kauri na fim ɗin da aka shafa yana da tasiri mai girma akan bayyanar da aka gama na saman gashi. Kwanan nan, wakili na danko mai tsari kamar microgel yana ba da damar cimma nasarar haɓakawa da haɓaka kaddarorin, kuma an inganta bayyanar da aka gama ta fuskar fim mai kauri.
;
- Juriya na yanayi na saman rufi: Ko da yake ana fallasa motoci a wurare daban-daban, saman rufin yana karɓar aikin haske, ruwa, oxygen, zafi, da sauransu.
1) Abubuwan mamaki na gani
* Lalacewa mai sheki: Santsi na fuskar fim ɗin ya lalace, kuma hasken haske daga saman yana ƙaruwa. Abubuwan da ke tattare da resin yana da mahimmanci, amma akwai kuma tasirin pigment.
* Discoloration: Sautin launi na murfin farko yana canzawa bisa ga tsufa na pigment ko guduro a cikin fim ɗin shafa. Don aikace-aikacen mota, ya kamata a zaɓi mafi kyawun launi mai jure yanayin yanayi.
2) abubuwan mamaki na inji
* Cracks: Cracks faruwa a shafi fim surface Layer ko dukan shafi fim saboda canje-canje a cikin jiki Properties na shafi fim saboda photooxidation ko hydrolysis (rage elongation, mannewa, da dai sauransu) da kuma ciki danniya. A musamman, shi o ƙarin tabbatar da faruwa a cikin wani karfe bayyana shafi film, da kuma ban da daidaitawa na shafi film jiki Properties na abun da ke ciki na acrylic guduro da daidaitawa da shafi fim jiki Properties, aikace-aikace na wani ultraviolet absorber da wani antioxidant. yana da tasiri.
* Peeling: Fim ɗin da aka shafa yana ɗan goge shi saboda raguwar mannewar fim ɗin mai rufi ko raguwar kaddarorin rheological, da aikin sojojin waje kamar splashing ko girgizar duwatsu.
3) lamarin sinadarai
* Lalacewar tabo: Idan zogale, gawarwakin kwari, ko ruwan sama na acid ya manne a saman fim ɗin da aka shafa, ɓangaren ya zama tabo kuma ya canza launin zuwa tabo. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da wani karce-resistant, alkali-resistant pigment da guduro. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa aka yi amfani da gashin gashi mai tsabta ga launin ƙarfe shine don kare foda na aluminum.
- Kalubale na gaba na babban gashi: Ƙauna da ƙira suna ƙara zama mahimmanci don haɓaka kaddarorin kasuwanci na motoci. Yayin da ake ba da amsa ga ɗimbin buƙatu da canje-canje a cikin kayan kamar robobi, ya zama dole don amsa buƙatun zamantakewa kamar tabarbarewar yanayin faɗuwar motoci da rage gurɓataccen iska. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi, ana la'akari da manyan riguna daban-daban don mota na gaba.
Bari mu dubi tsarin zanen mota na yau da kullun kuma mu ga inda zafi da canja wurin taro suke da mahimman aikace-aikace. Tsarin zanen gaba ɗaya na motoci shine kamar haka.
① Magani
② Electrodeposition (karkashin riga)
③ Zane-zane
④ Ƙarƙashin Shafi
⑤ zanen kakin zuma
⑥ Anti-Chip Primer
⑦ Farko
⑧ Mafi Girma
⑨ Cirewa da goge goge
Tsarin kera motoci yana ɗaukar kimanin sa'o'i 20, wanda sa'o'i 10, wanda shine rabi, tsarin da aka lissafa a sama yana ɗaukar kimanin sa'o'i 10. Daga cikin su, mafi mahimmanci da mahimmancin matakai sune pretreatment, electrodeposition shafi (rufin undercoat), na farko shafi, da kuma saman rufi. Bari mu mai da hankali kan waɗannan matakai.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-08-2022
