Abubuwan gurɓatawar da aka fitar sun fi yawa: hazo mai fenti da abubuwan kaushi da ake samarwa ta hanyar feshin feshi, da sauran kaushi da ake samu lokacin bushewa. Hazo fenti galibi ya fito ne daga ɓangaren ɓangarorin ƙarfi a cikin feshin iska, kuma abun da ke ciki ya yi daidai da abin da ake amfani da shi. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yau da kullun suna fitowa ne daga kaushi da sinadarai a cikin tsarin amfani da sutura, yawancinsu hayaki ne mai lalacewa, kuma babban gurɓataccen su shine xylene, benzene, toluene da sauransu. Don haka, babban tushen iskar gas mai cutarwa da ake fitarwa a cikin rufin shine ɗakin fenti, ɗakin bushewa da ɗakin bushewa.
1. Hanyar maganin sharar gida na layin samar da motoci
1.1 Tsarin jiyya na iskar iskar gas a cikin tsarin bushewa
Gas da aka fitar daga electrophoresis, matsakaiciyar rufi da ɗakin bushewa na farfajiyar yana cikin babban zafin jiki da iskar gas mai yawa, wanda ya dace da hanyar incineration. A halin yanzu, matakan maganin sharar iskar gas da aka saba amfani da su a cikin tsarin bushewa sun haɗa da: Fasahar haɓakar thermal Oxidation Technology (RTO), fasahar konewa mai haɓakawa (RCO), da kuma tsarin incineration na TNV.
1.1.1 Thermal ajiya irin thermal oxidation fasahar (RTO)
Thermal oxidator (Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer, RTO) na'urar kare muhalli ce ta makamashi don magance matsakaita da ƙarancin maida hankali mai jujjuyawar iskar gas. Ya dace da babban girma, ƙarancin maida hankali, dacewa da ƙwayar iskar gas mai sharar gida tsakanin 100 PPM-20000 PPM. Kudin aiki yana da ƙasa, lokacin da iskar gas mai sharar gida ta kasance sama da 450 PPM, na'urar RTO baya buƙatar ƙara man fetur; Yawan tsarkakewa ya yi yawa, adadin tsaftar gado biyu RTO zai iya kaiwa sama da kashi 98%, adadin tsarkakewar gadon RTO guda uku zai iya kaiwa sama da kashi 99%, kuma babu gurbacewar sakandare kamar NOX; sarrafawa ta atomatik, aiki mai sauƙi; aminci yana da yawa.
Na'urar oxidation mai sabuntawa tana ɗaukar hanyar iskar oxygen ta thermal don kula da matsakaici da ƙarancin ƙarancin iskar gas, kuma ana amfani da na'urar musayar zafi na yumbu don adana zafi. Ya ƙunshi gadon ajiyar zafi na yumbu, bawul ɗin sarrafawa ta atomatik, ɗakin konewa da tsarin sarrafawa. Babban fasali shine: bawul ɗin sarrafawa ta atomatik da ke ƙasan gadon ajiyar zafi yana haɗa tare da babban bututun ci da babban bututun shayarwa bi da bi, kuma ana adana gadon ajiyar zafi ta hanyar dumama iskar gas ɗin da ke shigowa cikin gadon ajiyar zafi. tare da kayan ajiyar zafi na yumbu don sha da saki zafi; iskar iskar gas da aka riga ta yi zafi zuwa wani zafin jiki (760 ℃) tana oxidized a cikin konewar ɗakin konewa don samar da carbon dioxide da ruwa, kuma ana tsarkake shi. Babban tsarin RTO mai gadaje biyu na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi ɗakin konewa ɗaya, gadaje tattara yumbu biyu da bawuloli huɗu masu sauyawa. Mai canza yumbu mai ɗaukar gado mai zafi a cikin na'urar zai iya haɓaka zafi mai zafi fiye da 95%; A'a ko kaɗan ana amfani da man fetur lokacin da ake kula da iskar gas mai sharar gida.
Abũbuwan amfãni: A cikin ma'amala tare da babban kwarara da ƙarancin iskar gas mai sharar gida, farashin aiki yana da ƙasa sosai.
Rashin hasara: babban zuba jari na lokaci daya, yawan zafin jiki na konewa, bai dace da maganin yawan ƙwayar iskar gas ba, akwai sassa masu motsi masu yawa, suna buƙatar ƙarin aikin kulawa.
1.1.2 Fasahar konewa ta thermal catalytic (RCO)
Na'urar konewa mai haɓakawa (Regenerative Catalytic Oxidizer RCO) ana amfani da ita kai tsaye zuwa matsakaici da babban taro (1000 mg/m3-10000 mg/m3) tsarkakewar iskar gas mai sharar gida. Fasahar jiyya ta RCO ta dace musamman don yawan buƙatun zafin dawo da zafi, amma kuma ya dace da layin samarwa iri ɗaya, saboda samfuran daban-daban, abubuwan da suka shafi sharar gida sau da yawa suna canzawa ko haɓakar iskar gas ɗin sharar gida yana canzawa sosai. Yana da musamman dace da bukatar zafi makamashi dawo da Enterprises ko bushewa gangar jikin line sharar da iskar gas magani, da kuma makamashi dawo da za a iya amfani da bushewa gangar jikin line, don cimma manufar makamashi ceto.
The regenerative catalytic konewa fasahar jiyya wani hali na iskar gas mai ƙarfi lokaci dauki, wanda shi ne a zahiri zurfin hadawan abu da iskar shaka nau'in oxygen amsawa. A cikin aiwatar da oxidation na catalytic, adsorption na farfajiyar mai kara kuzari yana sa kwayoyin halitta masu amsawa su wadatar a saman abin da ke kara kuzari. Tasirin mai kara kuzari a cikin rage kuzarin kunnawa yana haɓaka halayen iskar shaka kuma yana haɓaka ƙimar halayen iskar shaka. A karkashin mataki na musamman mai kara kuzari, kwayoyin halitta faruwa ba tare da m hadawan abu da iskar shaka konewa a low zafin jiki na farawa (250 ~ 300 ℃), wanda aka bazu a cikin carbon dioxide da ruwa, da kuma saki wani babban adadin zafi makamashi.
Na'urar RCO galibi ta ƙunshi jikin tanderu, jikin ma'ajin zafin jiki, tsarin konewa, tsarin sarrafawa ta atomatik, bawul ɗin atomatik da sauran tsarin da yawa. A cikin aikin samar da masana'antu, iskar gas ɗin da aka fitar da iskar gas ɗin da aka fitar ta shiga cikin bawul ɗin kayan aiki ta hanyar daftarin fan ɗin da aka jawo, kuma iskar gas ɗin da ke shiga da iskar gas ɗin sun rabu gaba ɗaya ta hanyar bawul ɗin juyawa. Ma'ajiyar makamashin zafi da musayar zafi na iskar gas ya kusan kai ga yanayin zafin da aka saita ta hanyar iskar oxygen da ake kira catalytic Layer; iskar gas yana ci gaba da zafi ta wurin dumama (ko dai ta hanyar dumama lantarki ko dumama gas) kuma yana kiyayewa a yanayin zafin jiki; yana shiga cikin Layer na catalytic don kammala aikin oxidation na catalytic, wato, abin da ya haifar yana haifar da carbon dioxide da ruwa, kuma ya saki babban adadin kuzarin zafi don cimma sakamakon da ake so. Iskar gas ɗin da iskar oxygen da aka yi amfani da ita ta shiga cikin yumbu abu Layer Layer 2, kuma ana fitar da makamashin zafi a cikin sararin samaniya ta hanyar bawul ɗin rotary. Bayan tsarkakewa, yawan zafin jiki na shayewa bayan tsarkakewa ya dan kadan sama da zafin jiki kafin maganin sharar gas. Tsarin yana ci gaba da aiki kuma yana canzawa ta atomatik. Ta hanyar aikin bawul ɗin juyawa, duk yumbu mai cika yadudduka suna kammala matakan zagayowar dumama, sanyaya da tsarkakewa, kuma ana iya dawo da makamashin zafi.
Abũbuwan amfãni: sauƙi tsari mai gudana, ƙananan kayan aiki, aiki mai dogara; babban aikin tsarkakewa, gabaɗaya sama da 98%; ƙananan zafin konewa; ƙananan zuba jari da za a iya zubarwa, ƙananan farashin aiki, ingantaccen farfadowa na zafi zai iya kaiwa fiye da 85%; dukan tsari ba tare da samar da ruwa mai datti ba, tsarin tsaftacewa ba ya haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu na NOX; Ana iya amfani da kayan aikin tsarkakewa na RCO tare da ɗakin bushewa, ana iya amfani da iskar gas mai tsabta kai tsaye a cikin ɗakin bushewa, don cimma manufar ceton makamashi da raguwar fitarwa;
Rashin hasara: na'urar konewa na catalytic kawai ya dace da maganin iskar gas mai sharar gida tare da ƙananan abubuwan da aka gyara na kwayoyin halitta da ƙananan ash, da kuma sharar da iskar gas magani na m abubuwa kamar hayaki mai mai bai dace ba, kuma mai kara kuzari ya kamata a guba; Matsakaicin iskar gas mai sharar gida yana ƙasa da 20%.
1.1.3TNV Tsarin ƙonawa na nau'in sake yin amfani da su
Sake amfani da nau'in thermal incineration tsarin (Jamus Thermische Nachverbrennung TNV) ne da amfani da gas ko man fetur kai tsaye konewa dumama sharar gida gas dauke da kwayoyin kaushi, karkashin mataki na high zafin jiki, Organic sauran ƙarfi kwayoyin hadawan abu da iskar shaka bazuwa cikin carbon dioxide da ruwa, da high zafin jiki flue gas. ta hanyar goyon bayan multistage zafi canja wurin na'urar dumama samar tsari bukatar iska ko ruwan zafi, cikakken sake yin amfani da hadawan abu da iskar sharar gida bazuwar na kwayoyin sharar gas zafi makamashi, rage makamashi amfani da dukan tsarin. Sabili da haka, tsarin TNV hanya ce mai inganci kuma mai kyau don kula da iskar gas mai sharar da ke dauke da kaushi na kwayoyin halitta lokacin da tsarin samarwa yana buƙatar makamashi mai yawa na zafi. Don sabon layin samar da fenti na fenti, TNV ana ɗaukar tsarin incineration thermal.
Tsarin TNV ya ƙunshi sassa uku: sharar gas preheating da incineration tsarin, kewaya iska dumama tsarin da sabo ne iska musayar tsarin. The sharar gas incineration tsakiyar dumama na'urar a cikin tsarin shi ne ainihin sashe na TNV, wanda ya hada da tanderu, dakin konewa, zafi Exchanger, burner da kuma babban flue regulating bawul. Its aiki tsari ne: tare da wani babban matsin shugaban fan zai Organic sharar gida gas daga bushewa dakin, bayan sharar gida incineration tsakiyar dumama na'urar gina-in zafi Exchanger preheating, zuwa konewa jam'iyya, sa'an nan ta hanyar kuka dumama, a high zazzabi ( game da 750 ℃) zuwa ga kwayoyin sharar gida iskar sharar oxygen bazuwa, bazuwar kwayoyin sharar gida gas a cikin carbon dioxide da ruwa. Ana fitar da iskar bututun hayaki mai zafi da aka samar ta hanyar injin zafi da babban bututun hayaki a cikin tanderun. Gas ɗin hayaƙin da aka fitar yana dumama iskar da ke zagayawa a cikin ɗakin bushewa don samar da ƙarfin zafi da ake buƙata don ɗakin bushewa. An saita sabon na'urar canja wurin zafin iska a ƙarshen tsarin don dawo da zafin sharar tsarin don farfadowa na ƙarshe. Iska mai dadi da aka karawa dakin bushewa ana dumama shi da iskar hayaki sannan a tura shi dakin bushewa. Bugu da kari, akwai kuma bawul mai sarrafa wutar lantarki a kan babban bututun hayakin hayaki, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen daidaita zafin bututun hayaki a mashigar na'urar, kuma ana iya sarrafa fitar da hayaki na karshe da zazzabin gas din da ya kai kimanin digiri 160.
Halayen sharar gas incineration na'urar dumama ta tsakiya sun haɗa da: lokacin zama na iskar gas mai sharar gida a cikin ɗakin konewa shine 1 ~ 2s; yawan bazuwar iskar iskar gas ya fi 99%; yawan dawo da zafi zai iya kaiwa 76%; da daidaita rabo daga burner fitarwa iya isa 26 ∶ 1, har zuwa 40 ∶ 1.
Rashin hasara: lokacin da ake kula da iskar gas mai ƙarancin hankali, farashin aiki ya fi girma; tubular zafi Exchanger ne kawai a ci gaba da aiki, yana da tsawon rai.
1.2 Tsarin jiyya na iskar gas a cikin ɗakin fenti da ɗakin bushewa
Gas ɗin da aka fitar daga ɗakin fenti da ɗakin bushewa yana da ƙarancin maida hankali, babban adadin kwarara da iskar gas mai zafin jiki, kuma babban abun da ke cikin gurɓataccen abu shine hydrocarbons aromatic, ethers barasa da abubuwan kaushi na ester. A halin yanzu, da kasashen waje mafi balagagge hanya ne: na farko Organic sharar gida taro don rage jimlar adadin Organic sharar gida, tare da na farko adsorption Hanyar (kunna carbon ko zeolite a matsayin adsorbent) ga low taro na dakin zafin jiki fesa fenti shaye adsorption, tare da cirewar iskar gas mai zafi, mai daɗaɗɗen iskar gas ta amfani da konewar catalytic ko hanyar konewar thermal.
1.2.1 Carbon adsorption mai kunnawa--desorption da na'urar tsarkakewa
Amfani da saƙar zuma kunna gawayi a matsayin adsorbent, Haɗe tare da ka'idodin tsarkakewa adsorption, desorption farfadowa da kuma maida hankali na VOC da catalytic konewa, High iska girma, low taro na kwayoyin sharar gas ta hanyar saƙar zuma kunna carbon adsorption don cimma manufar iska tsarkakewa, Lokacin da carbon da aka kunna ya cika sannan yayi amfani da iska mai zafi don farfado da carbon da aka kunna, Desorbed tattara kwayoyin halitta ana aika zuwa gadajen konewa na catalytic don konewar catalytic, kwayoyin halitta suna oxidized zuwa carbon dioxide da ruwa mara lahani. sanyi iska ta wani zafi Exchanger, Wasu watsi da sanyaya gas bayan zafi musayar, Part for desorbitory farfadowa da na zuma da aka kunna gawayi, Don cimma manufar sharar gida zafi amfani da makamashi ceto. Gabaɗayan na'urar ta ƙunshi pre-filter, adsorption bed, catalytic combustion bed, retardanency flame, related fan, valve, da dai sauransu.
Kunna carbon adsorption-desorption na'urar tsarkakewa an ƙera ta bisa ga ka'idoji guda biyu na adsorption da konewa na catalytic, ta amfani da hanyar ci gaba da aikin iskar gas biyu, ɗakin konewa na catalytic, gadon adsorption biyu ana amfani da shi a madadin. Na farko kwayoyin sharar gas tare da kunna carbon adsorption, lokacin da sauri jikewa dakatar adsorption, sa'an nan kuma amfani da zafi iska kwarara don cire kwayoyin halitta daga kunna carbon don yin kunna carbon sake haifuwa; kwayoyin halitta an tattara su (maida hankali sau da yawa sama da na asali) kuma an aika zuwa ɗakin konewa na catalytic konewa cikin carbon dioxide da fitar da tururin ruwa. Lokacin da yawan iskar gas ɗin sharar gida ya kai fiye da 2000 PPm, iskar gas ɗin sharar gida na iya kula da konewa ba tare da bata lokaci ba a cikin gadon motsa jiki ba tare da dumama waje ba. Ana fitar da wani ɓangare na iskar gas ɗin konewa a cikin sararin samaniya, kuma galibi ana aika shi zuwa ga gadon talla don sake haɓakar carbon da aka kunna. Wannan zai iya saduwa da konewa da ƙaddamar da makamashin zafi da ake buƙata, don cimma manufar ceton makamashi. Sabuntawa zai iya shigar da adsorption na gaba; a cikin desorption, aikin tsarkakewa za a iya yi ta wani gado na adsorption, wanda ya dace da aiki na ci gaba da aiki na tsaka-tsaki.
Ayyukan fasaha da halaye: aikin barga, tsari mai sauƙi, aminci da abin dogara, ceton makamashi da ceton aiki, babu gurɓatawar sakandare. Kayan aiki yana rufe ƙananan yanki kuma yana da nauyi mai nauyi. Ya dace sosai don amfani a babban girma. Gadon carbon da aka kunna wanda ke ba da iskar gas mai sharar gida yana amfani da iskar gas bayan konewar kuzari don cirewar farfadowa, kuma ana aika iskar gas ɗin zuwa ɗakin konewar catalytic don tsarkakewa, ba tare da kuzarin waje ba, kuma tasirin ceton kuzari yana da mahimmanci. Rashin hasara shi ne cewa carbon da aka kunna yana da gajere kuma farashin aikin sa yana da yawa.
1.2.2 Zeolite canja wurin dabaran adsorption--desorption na'urar tsarkakewa
Babban abubuwan da ke tattare da zeolite sune: silicon, aluminum, tare da iyawar talla, ana iya amfani dashi azaman adsorbent; Mai tsere na zeolite shine yin amfani da halaye na ƙayyadaddun buɗaɗɗen zeolite tare da adsorption da iyawar desorption don gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin halitta, don haka iskar gas ɗin VOC tare da ƙarancin maida hankali da babban taro, na iya rage farashin aiki na kayan aikin jiyya na ƙarshe na baya. Abubuwan da ke cikin na'urarsa sun dace da maganin manyan kwarara, ƙananan ƙaddamarwa, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta. Rashin hasara shine cewa farkon zuba jari yana da yawa.
Zeolite runner adsorption-tsarkake na'urar na'urar tsarkakewa ce ta iskar gas wacce za ta iya ci gaba da aiwatar da adsorption da aikin lalata. An raba bangarorin biyu na motar zeolite zuwa wurare uku ta hanyar na'urar rufewa ta musamman: yanki na talla, yanki (sake sabuntawa) da yankin sanyaya. Tsarin aiki na tsarin shine: zeolites juyawa dabaran yana jujjuya ci gaba a cikin ƙananan gudu, kewayawa ta wurin tallan tallan, yanki (sake sabuntawa) yanki da sanyaya; Lokacin da ƙananan ƙaddamarwa da gale ƙarar iskar gas ta ci gaba da wucewa ta cikin yanki na adsorption na mai gudu, VOC a cikin iskar gas ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar zeolite na motar juyawa, ƙaddamarwa kai tsaye bayan adsorption da tsarkakewa; A Organic sauran ƙarfi adsorbed da dabaran aka aika zuwa desorption (sabuntawa) zone tare da juyawa daga cikin dabaran, Sa'an nan tare da wani karamin iska ƙarar zafi iska ci gaba ta hanyar desorption yankin, The VOC adsorbed zuwa dabaran aka sake haifuwa a cikin desorption yankin, Ana fitar da iskar gas na VOC tare da iska mai zafi; Dabaran zuwa wurin sanyaya don sanyaya sanyaya za a iya sake sake tallatawa, Tare da jujjuyawar jujjuyawar jujjuyawar, ana aiwatar da talla, lalatawa, da sake zagayowar sanyaya, Tabbatar da ci gaba da kwanciyar hankali na jiyya na iskar gas.
Na'urar runner na zeolite shine ainihin abin tattara hankali, kuma iskar iskar gas mai ɗauke da kaushi na halitta ya kasu kashi biyu: iska mai tsafta wanda za'a iya fitarwa kai tsaye, da kuma iskar da aka sake yin fa'ida mai ɗauke da yawan ƙarfi. Iska mai tsabta wanda za'a iya fitarwa kai tsaye kuma za'a iya sake yin fa'ida a cikin fenti na iska mai sanyaya iska; Babban yawan iskar gas na VOC shine kusan sau 10 na maida hankali na VOC kafin shigar da tsarin. Ana kula da iskar gas mai ƙarfi ta hanyar ƙona zafin jiki ta hanyar TNV tsarin ƙona zafin jiki (ko wasu kayan aiki). Zafin da ƙonawa ke haifarwa shine bushewar ɗaki da dumama da zeolite cire dumama bi da bi, kuma ana amfani da ƙarfin zafi sosai don cimma tasirin ceton makamashi da rage fitar da iska.
Ayyukan fasaha da halaye: tsari mai sauƙi, kulawa mai sauƙi, tsawon rayuwar sabis; haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar iska da ƙarancin maida hankali kan iskar gas ɗin VOC zuwa ƙaramin iska da iskar gas mai yawa, rage farashin kayan aikin jiyya na ƙarshe na baya; matsanancin raguwar matsa lamba, na iya rage yawan amfani da makamashin wuta; gabaɗayan shirye-shiryen tsarin da ƙira na yau da kullun, tare da mafi ƙarancin buƙatun sararin samaniya, da samar da ci gaba da yanayin sarrafawa mara ƙarfi; zai iya kaiwa ma'aunin fitar da hayaki na kasa; adsorbent yana amfani da zeolite mara ƙonewa, amfani ya fi aminci; rashin amfani shine zuba jari na lokaci daya tare da farashi mai yawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-03-2023
